序
導 讀
第一部份 全景攝影的定義 Part 1 Defining “Panoramic Photography
第一章 「全景」的定義 Chapter 1 General Panorama
1.1 全景辭源探究 Origin of the Word
1.2 全景簡史 A Brief History
1.2.1 全景畫 History of Panoramic Painting
1.2.2 全景攝影 History of Panoramic Photography
1.3 全景攝影的定義 Defining “Panoramic Photography”
1.3.1 從視覺的觀點 Visualization
1.3.2 從物理的觀點 Physics
第二部份 全景照相系統簡介 Part 2 Equipment
第二章 全景照相機簡介 Chapter 2 Camera
2.1 單透視點傳統照相機(從手機到單眼照相機) Traditional Still Camera (Requires Masking)
2.2 單透視點寬幅全景照相機 Wide Frame Still Camera
2.3 線性透視全景照相機 Linear Perspective Panoramic Camera
2.4 陣列序列全景統照相系統 Sequential Array of Still Cameras
2.5 DIY篇 DIY
2.5.1 DIY單透視點寬幅全景照相機 DIY Wide Film Still Camera
2.5.2 DIY多功能線性透視全景照相機 DIY Linear Perspective Panoramic Camera
第三章 鏡 頭 Chapter 3 Lenses
3.1 鏡頭的視角與全景畫面 Relationship between Lens and Viewing Angle
3.2 鏡頭有效焦距與片幅 Relationship between Lens and Effective Focal Length
3.3 各種焦段的鏡頭在全景攝影的運用 Relationship between Lens and Composition
3.4 遮光罩 Lens Hood
3.5 濾色鏡 Lens Filter
第四章 全景攝影的輔助設備 Chapter 4 Accessories
4.1 構成透視軸點的輔助設備 Setup
4.2 光線的測量與補償 Lighting
4.3 作業輔助設備 Miscellaneous
第五章 影像記錄媒體 Chapter 5 Media
5.1 類比記錄媒體:軟片 Analog Media: Film
5.2 數位記錄媒體:馬賽克式感測器 Digital Sensor - 1: Mosaic CCD
5.3 數位記錄媒體:Foveon三層式感測器 Digital Sensor - 2: Foveon X3 CCD
5.4 數位記錄媒體:TDI線性感測器 Digital Sensor - 3: TDI Line CCD
第三部份 全景攝影與物理──成像結構 攝影光學、運動成像、十種成像結構 Part 3 Optics, Kinematics, and the Ten Methods of Panoramic Photography
第六章 全景攝影與物理──攝影光學 Chapter 6 Optics in Photography
6.1 狹縫 Slit
6.2 有效焦距 Effective Focal Length (EFL)
6.3 光學焦點、光學物距 Focal Point and Object Distance
6.4 節點 vs. 入瞳 Nodal Point vs. Entrance Pupil
6.5 透視軸點的構成 Optical Principles
6.6 Shift, Tilt, 影像圈 Shift, Tilt, Image Circle
6.7 司乃耳定律與成像品質 Snell’s Law and Image Quality
6.8 全景攝影常見問題與對策 Common Problems and Their Solutions
6.8.1 現象:切削 Image Cutoff
6.8.2 現象:模糊、鬼影 Fogginess and Ghosting
6.8.3 現象:明暗差異 Discord in Light Levels
6.8.4 現象:視場差異、景深飄移 Drifting - Viewing Angle and Depth of Field
6.8.5 現象:畫面高寬比例異常 Loss of Scale Due to Leveling Problems
第七章 全景攝影與物理──運動成像 Chapter 7 Kinematics
7.1 鏡頭光軸、景物、紀錄媒體的相對運動 Photographing Relative Motion
7.2 透視與視差:視差效應、視差位移 Parallax Effect and Shift
7.3 運動物距的計算基點與測量 Surveying Distance
7.4 運動成像的無限遠(∞)的定義 When Focal Length becomes Infinite
7.5 焦點與景深 Focal Point and Depth of Field (Kinematic vs. Traditional)
7.5.1 運動焦點 vs 光學焦點
7.5.2 運動景深 vs 光學景深
7.6 鏡頭光軸運動與曝光的關係 Relationship between Relative Motion and Exposure
7.7 運動成像(水平軸)vs 光學成像(垂直軸) Image Structure: The Effect of Motion on the Horizontal Plane vs. The Optical Effect on the Vertical Plane
7.8 快門速度的計算 Calculating Shutter Speed
第八章 全景攝影與物理──十種成像結構 Chapter 8 Applying the Ten Methods
8.1 單透視點寬幅全景攝影 Single Perspective - Photographic Methods
8.1.1 單透視點全景畫面 Aspect Ratio Modification
8.1.1 單透視點寬幅全景攝影 Wide Frame
8.1.2 單透視點寬幅全景攝影 Anamorphic Compression
8.2 多透視點全景攝影 Multiple Perspective - Photographic Methods (fixed film, segmented shooting)
8.2.1 多透視點旋軸全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Rotating View, Stationary Object (M-R-S)
8.2.2 多透視點定軸物轉全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Stationary View, Rotating Object (M-S-R)
8.2.3 多透視點平行移軸全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Moving View, Stationary Object (M-M-S)
8.2.4 多透視點陣列序列全景攝影
8.3 線性透視全景攝影 Linear Perspective - Photographic Methods (rolling film, continuous shooting)
8.3.1 線性透視旋軸全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Rotating View, Stationary Object (L-R-S)
8.3.2 線性透視定軸物移全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Stationary View, Moving Object (L-S-M)
8.3.3 線性透視定軸物轉全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Stationary View, Rotating Object (L-S-R)
8.3.4 線性透視平行移軸全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Moving View, Stationary Object (L-M-S)
8.4 構建虛擬實境 (Quicktime VR) 全景影像 Constructing a Virtual Reality Animation from Panoramic Imaging
第四部份 全景影像的視覺特性 Part 4 Visualization Characteristics of Panoramic Photography
第九章 透視──視覺元素的空間邏輯關係 Chapter 9 Spatial Relations
9.1 西畫與國畫的透視特性 Differing Characteristics between Painting and Chinese Ink Painting
9.2 單透視點全景攝影的透視特性 Visualization Characteristics in Single Perspective
9.3 多透視點全景攝影的透視特性 Visualization Characteristics in Multiple Perspective
9.3.1 多透視點旋軸全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Rotating View, Stationary Object (M-R-S)
9.3.2 多透視點定軸物轉全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Stationary View, Rotating Object (M-S-R)
9.3.3 多透視點平行移軸全景攝影 Multiple Perspective, Moving View, Stationary Object (M-M-S)
9.4 多透視點陣列序列全景攝影的透視特性 Visualization Characteristics in Sequential Arrays
9.5 線性透視全景攝影的透視特性 Visualization Characteristics in Linear Perspective
9.5.1 線性透視旋軸全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Rotating View, Stationary Object (L-R-S)
9.5.1.1 橫線的透視曲變
9.5.1.2 縱線的透視曲變
9.5.1.3 方形的透視曲變
9.5.1.4 圓形的透視曲變
9.5.2 線性透視定軸物移全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Stationary View, Moving Object (L-S-M)
9.5.3 線性透視定軸物轉全景攝影 Linear Perspective, Stationary View, Rotating Object (L-S-R)
9.5.4 線性透視平行移軸全景攝影(與清明上河圖之透視特性比較) Linear Perspective, Moving View, Stationary Object (L-M-S) (with an example comparing to the painting, “Along the River During the Ching-Ming Festival”)
9.6 Quicktime VR® 虛擬實境的透視特性 Virtual Reality Animation – Visualization Characteristics
9.7 心念的遷流:時間與空間 Inducing Streams of Thought through Panoramic Photography
第十章 全景畫面構成與控制 Chapter 10 Composition
10.1 視覺元素 Visual Elements
10.2 透視比例 vs. 大小比例 vs. 長寬比例 Multi-Dimensional Scale
10.3 畫面構成 ProportionsPicture Composition
10.3.1 透視軸點的位置選定 Selecting the Axis of Rotation and the Resulting Effects on Perspective
10.3.2 前景、消失點、地平線、天際線 Foreground, Vanishing Point, Horizon, Skyline
10.3.3 關鍵分割點與涵蓋方位 Selecting Endpoints and Range of View
10.3.4 黃金分割與畫面元素配置 The Golden Ratio and Positioning Elements
10.4 面對空間 留白或揮灑 Spatial Approach and Utilizing Vacancies
第五部份 全景攝影作業實務 Applications of Panoramic Photography
第十一章 一、二、三 拍一幅全景照片
11.1 全景景點的選擇 Where to shoot?
11.2 隨手拍全景──手機、傻瓜照相機⋯⋯ Using Whatever You Have On Hand
11.3 透視軸點的選定:創意、元素分配 Differentiating between & Making the Most of Various Lighting Conditions
11.4 大景中光線的判別與經營 What Makes a Panorama? It’s All Relative
11.5 全景攝影的特寫 Dealing with Variables that Change while Shooting
11.6 拍攝前、拍攝中注意事項 Miscellaneous Information
第十二章 專業全景攝影的作業規劃與實務 Professional Panorama Photography – Planning and Applications
12.1 業餘與專業全景攝影作業的差異 Differences between the Amateur and the Professional
12.2 作業參數的準備與記錄 Calculations and Measurements, Before and During the Shoot
12.3 作業實務:作業計畫、人員組織、照相系統、通訊系統、車輛、行程資訊 Work Practices: Planning, Personnel, Methods, System of Communication, Vehicles, and Itinerary
12.4 安全管理與應變:氣候變異、高山症、靜電、冷凝、生物攻擊 Safety Management: Climate Variation, Altitude Sickness, Static Electricity, Condensation, Animal Attacks
12.5 作業成本分析 Cost Analysis
第十三章 全景影像的後製作 Post-Production
13.1 色彩管理 Color Management
13.2 沖片、軟片的保管與儲存 Developing and Storing Film
13.3 從類比到數位 Film Digitalization
13.3.1 桌上型平台掃描器、專業滾筒分色機 Desktop Scanners and Digital Drum Scanners
13.3.2 色彩格式、解析度、放大倍率 File Formats, Resolution, and Enlargement
13.3.3 如何與專業分色師溝通 Working Effectively with a Color Separation Engineer
13.3.4 檔案備份與儲存 File Backup and Storage
13.4 電腦、作業系統、週邊配備 Computers, Operating Systems, and Peripherals
13.5 全景影像縫合軟體與影音輔助軟體 Stitching Software and Video/Audio Support Software
13.6 全景影像輸出作業 Panoramic Images - Various forms of Output
13.7 裱幀與佈置注意事項 Framing and Displaying Panoramic Images
13.8 智慧財產權與授權管理 Intellectual Property and Copyright Authorization
第六部份 網路多媒體時代全景影像的應用 Multimedia Applications in the Internet Age
第十四章 網路多媒體時代全景影像的應用 Multimedia Applications in the Internet Age
14.1 趨勢:跳脫傳統的思惟和框架 Trends: A Departure from the Traditional Ways and Limits
14.2 整合性的應用 Universal Applications
14.2.1 更活潑的團體人像記錄 Group Shots with Multiple Poses
14.2.2 個人生活、醫學、物理實驗記錄之多媒體應用 Ordinary Life, Medical/Anatomical Imaging, Science Experiments
14.2.3 景物元素的空間邏輯關係記錄:以刑案現場重建為例 Recording Positional Relationships ie. Forensics Imaging - Crime Scene Record
14.2.4 地理及環境歷史紀錄:以偵蒐、災難、反恐之緊急應變為例 Recording Geographic and Environmental History ie. Advance Scouting, Natural Disasters, Counter-terrorism
14.2.5 動作與時空關係分析:人類及生態行為動作研究、電影時空概念之表達 Analysis of Motion in Space and Time ie. Study of Live Movements, Special Effects in Motion Pictures and Commercials
14.2.7 平面媒體設計師的舞台 Print Media and eBooks
附 錄 Appendices
附錄一 全景攝影:視覺 原理 應用辭彙 Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms
附錄二 鏡頭有效焦距、入瞳參數 effective focal length, Entrance pupil, and Reference Data
附錄三 環景全景攝影作業參數紀錄板 (Slat) 範本 Panoramic Photograph Record Board for Parameters (Example of Slate)
附錄四 三角函數值表 Table of Trigonometric Function Values
附錄五 全景影像範例光碟 CD-ROM of Sample Photos